Neck ± Arm Pain

Neck and/or arm pain are common issues that can significantly impact daily function and quality of life. While neck pain alone may stem from muscle strain, poor posture, or degenerative changes, arm pain often signals nerve involvement. When a nerve root in the neck is compressed or irritated — a condition known as cervical radiculopathy — symptoms may radiate from the neck into the shoulder, arm, or hand.

Decorative graphic, using rounded blue shapes to symbolise brain and spine care.
Person clutching the back of their neck, shown from behind with a red pain glow on the shoulder.

Symptoms & Complications

Pain extending from the neck into the arm or hand may suggest cervical radiculopathy, where one or more cervical nerve roots are compressed.

  • Sharp or burning pain
  • Tingling or “pins and needles” sensations
  • Numbness or weakness in the arm or hand
  • Difficulty with fine motor tasks (e.g., buttoning a shirt)
  • Reduced range of motion in the neck

Common causes include:

  • Herniated discs
  • Bone spurs
  • Degenerative disc disease
  • Spinal canal narrowing (cervical stenosis)
  • Prior trauma or injury

In many cases, symptoms improve over time with conservative care. However, if pain persists or neurological deficits worsen, surgery may be recommended.

Surgical Treatment Option

This procedure involves removing a damaged or herniated disc from the cervical spine and fusing the surrounding vertebrae to relieve nerve pressure. It is commonly used to treat persistent neck and arm pain caused by disc degeneration or nerve compression.

What to Expect at Your Consultation

Your first step is a thorough consultation with our experienced neurosurgeon. We’ll review your medical history, symptoms, and diagnostic imaging (MRI, CT, or X-rays) to identify the cause of your pain.


Using this information, we’ll develop a personalised treatment plan, which may include:

Non-surgical management (e.g., physiotherapy, medications, injections)


  • Surgical intervention, if required


We’ll explain all options in detail, answer your questions, and provide compassionate care throughout your treatment journey. Our goal is to help you confidently return to an active, pain-free life.

Dr Thomas Pitham of Illawarra Brain & Spine

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What are the common causes of neck and arm pain?

    Muscle strain, injury, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, or fibromyalgia can cause neck and arm pain. Nerve root compression is a key cause of radiating arm symptoms.

  • What are the first-line treatments?

    Initial treatments include physical therapy, medications, ergonomic adjustments, and spinal injections. These options often provide significant relief without the need for surgery.

  • When is surgery considered?

    Surgery may be appropriate if symptoms are severe, persistent, or progressive despite conservative care. Decisions are based on your diagnosis, symptom severity, imaging results, and overall health.

  • What are the most common surgical procedures?

    Depending on the cause, surgical options may include ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion), disc replacement, foraminotomy, laminectomy, or laminoplasty.

  • What are the potential benefits and risks of surgery?

    Surgery can relieve pain, restore mobility, and prevent further nerve damage. However, as with all surgery, there are risks including infection, bleeding, and complications related to the implant or fusion.

  • Do I need a referral to see a neurosurgeon?

    Yes. Your General Practitioner (GP) referral is required before you can book an appointment.